1. Combine the Dough Ingredients: In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the sourdough discard, granulated sugar, salt, and warm water until well combined. Gradually add the all-purpose flour, mixing with a wooden spoon or your hands until a shaggy dough forms.

2. Knead the Dough: Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface. Knead for about 5-7 minutes until the dough is smooth and elastic. It should spring back slightly when poked. If the dough is too sticky, add a tiny bit more flour, a teaspoon at a time.

3. Shape the Knots: Divide the dough into 12 equal pieces. Roll each piece into a rope about 12-15 inches long. To form a knot, make a U-shape, cross the ends, then twist them over each other once, and bring them back down to meet the bottom of the U. Pinch the ends firmly to seal. Place the shaped knots on a parchment-lined baking sheet.

4. Prepare the Baking Soda Bath: Preheat your oven to 425 F (220 C). In a large pot, bring 8 cups of water to a rolling boil. Carefully add the 1/2 cup of baking soda. The water will foam up, so use a large pot to prevent overflow.

5. Dip the Pretzels: Using a slotted spoon or spider, carefully drop one or two pretzel knots into the boiling baking soda bath for about 20-30 seconds. Do not overcrowd the pot. Flip them once halfway through. This bath is crucial for the pretzel’s signature color and texture. Remove the pretzels from the bath, letting excess water drip off, and place them back on the parchment-lined baking sheet.

6. Egg Wash and Salt: In a small bowl, beat the egg to create an egg wash. Brush the top of each pretzel knot generously with the egg wash. Immediately sprinkle a good amount of coarse sea salt over each pretzel.

7. Bake Until Golden: Transfer the baking sheet to the preheated oven. Bake for 12-15 minutes, or until the pretzels are deeply golden brown. The darker they are, the chewier and more flavorful they will be.

8. Cool and Serve: Remove the pretzels from the oven and let them cool slightly on a wire rack before serving. They are best enjoyed warm.